Italy

Move to Italy

World-class food, art, history, and coastline — plus some of Europe's most generous tax incentives for newcomers. Here's everything you need to know about relocating to Italy.

Retiree flat tax
7%
Impatriati exemption
Up to 90%
HNWI flat tax
€300,000/yr
Official language
Italian
Visas & Residency

How to move to Italy

EU/EEA citizens can move to Italy freely and register residency at their local municipality (Comune). Non-EU nationals need a visa before arriving — Italy offers several routes depending on whether you plan to work, retire, invest, or study.

Digital Nomad Visa

Remote workers & freelancers
  • Launched in 2024 — one of Europe's newest digital nomad visa programmes
  • For non-EU citizens working remotely for employers or clients outside Italy
  • Minimum income requirement: €32,400/year (approx. €2,700/month)
  • Must demonstrate savings of at least €30,000
  • Must have at least 6 months of proven remote work experience
  • Must rent or purchase property in Italy before applying
  • Valid for 1 year, renewable for a further 2 years
  • Spouse, children under 18, and parents can be included
  • Pathway to permanent residency after 5 years, citizenship after 10 years

Elective Residency Visa

Retirees & financially independent
  • For non-EU nationals who can support themselves entirely from passive income — pensions, investments, rental income
  • Strictly a non-working visa — Italy enforces this condition rigorously
  • Minimum passive income required: approx. €31,000/year for a single applicant
  • Add approx. 20% for a spouse and 5% per dependent child
  • Must prove you have accommodation in Italy (rental or owned)
  • Initial 1-year visa, renewable annually
  • After 5 years, eligible for long-term EU residency
  • Popular with retirees from the US, UK, Canada, and Australia

Student Visa (Type D)

Students
  • For non-EU nationals enrolling at an Italian university or language school
  • Valid for the duration of the enrolled course
  • Permits part-time work of up to 20 hours per week
  • Italy has world-renowned universities — Bologna (the world's oldest), La Sapienza, Bocconi
  • Tuition fees at Italian public universities are very affordable — typically €900–€4,000/year
  • Pathway to convert to a work permit after graduation

Golden Visa (Investor Visa)

Investors
  • Italy's residency-by-investment programme for non-EU nationals
  • Investment routes: €250,000 in an innovative startup, €500,000 in an Italian company, €1M in a philanthropic project, or €2M in Italian government bonds
  • Grants a 2-year renewable residence permit
  • No minimum stay requirement to maintain the permit
  • Pathway to permanent residency after 5 years and citizenship after 10 years
  • Spouse, minor children, and dependent adult children can be included

EU / EEA Citizens

Free movement
  • EU/EEA citizens have the right to live and work in Italy without a visa
  • Must register at the local Comune (town hall) within 3 months of arrival
  • Bring your passport, proof of address, and proof of income or employment
  • After 5 years of continuous legal residence, eligible for permanent residency
  • No income requirements for EU citizens

Important: Italy's immigration system is known for complexity and bureaucracy. Visa processing times can be long and requirements are enforced strictly. Always apply well in advance and consider working with a qualified Italian immigration lawyer.

Taxes

Understanding tax in Italy

Italy's standard income tax (IRPEF) is progressive and can reach 43% for high earners. However, Italy offers several generous tax incentive regimes for newcomers — including one of Europe's lowest flat tax rates for retirees and a significant income exemption for workers.

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7% Retiree Flat Tax

For foreign retirees relocating to small towns in Southern Italy. One of the lowest flat tax rates in Europe.

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Impatriati Regime

Up to 90% income tax exemption for workers relocating to Southern Italy. 70% exemption elsewhere.

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€300,000 HNWI Flat Tax

Fixed annual tax on all worldwide foreign income. For ultra-high-net-worth individuals.

The 7% Retiree Flat Tax — Southern Italy

One of the most generous retiree tax regimes in Europe. Pay just 7% on all foreign-sourced income for up to 10 years, if you relocate to a qualifying small town in Southern Italy.

Flat tax rate
7% on all foreign-sourced income
Duration
Up to 10 years
Where
Municipalities under 20,000 residents in Abruzzo, Molise, Campania, Puglia, Basilicata, Calabria, Sardinia, Sicily, and qualifying Central Italian villages
Who qualifies
Foreign retirees receiving a pension from outside Italy, not previously resident in Italy for 5+ years, moving from a country with a tax treaty with Italy

Impatriati Regime — for workers relocating to Italy

The Inbound Workers (Impatriati) regime offers a major income tax exemption for qualifying professionals who relocate to Italy to work. You must not have been a tax resident in Italy for the past 3 years.

Standard exemption
70% of Italian employment or self-employment income is tax-exempt
Southern Italy bonus
90% exemption if you live in Abruzzo, Molise, Campania, Puglia, Basilicata, Calabria, Sardinia, or Sicily
Duration
5 years, extendable in some cases
Who qualifies
Workers employed or self-employed in Italy, not resident in Italy for 3+ years, committing to stay for at least 2 years

€300,000 HNWI Flat Tax — for ultra-high-net-worth individuals

Italy's headline tax incentive for the ultra-wealthy. Pay a fixed €300,000 per year on all worldwide foreign-sourced income — regardless of how much you earn. The rate was raised from €200,000 in January 2026.

  • Must not have been an Italian tax resident for 9 of the previous 10 years
  • Covers all foreign-sourced income for a fixed annual payment of €300,000
  • Family members can be included at €50,000 per person per year
  • Valid for up to 15 years
  • Exempts offshore assets from Italian wealth, inheritance, and gift taxes
  • Existing beneficiaries at the old €200,000 rate are grandfathered in
  • Attractive for individuals with foreign income above €1 million/year

Standard income tax rates (IRPEF) — without any regime

Income bracketTax rate
Up to €28,00023%
€28,000 – €50,00035%
Over €50,00043%

Regional and municipal surtaxes of approx. 1–3% also apply on top of IRPEF.

Tax advice disclaimer: Italy's tax incentive regimes are complex and eligibility depends on your specific situation, income type, and residency history. Always consult a qualified Italian tax adviser (commercialista) before making any decisions.

Cost of Living

What does life in Italy cost?

Italy offers enormous variety in cost of living — from expensive northern cities like Milan and Rome to remarkably affordable small towns in the South. A single person can live comfortably on €1,200–€1,500/month in mid-sized cities, and under €1,000/month in rural Southern Italy. The further south and smaller the town, the more affordable it becomes.

Most expensive

Milan, Rome & Florence

  • 1-bed apartment (centre): €1,200–€1,800/mo
  • Single person budget: €2,000–€3,000/mo
  • Monthly transport pass: €35–€55
Mid-range

Bologna, Turin, Naples

  • 1-bed apartment (centre): €700–€1,000/mo
  • Single person budget: €1,400–€1,800/mo
  • Monthly transport pass: €30–€45
Most affordable

Southern Italy & small towns

  • 1-bed apartment: €300–€700/mo
  • Single person budget: €800–€1,200/mo
  • Car often needed in rural areas

Typical monthly expenses (mid-sized city)

Rent (1-bed, city centre)€700 – €1,100
Utilities (electricity, gas, water)€100 – €200
Groceries€200 – €350
Dining out (mid-range)€150 – €300
Public transport pass€30 – €45
Private health insurance€60 – €150
Gym membership€30 – €60
Mobile plan€10 – €30

Southern Italy incentive: Several regions in Southern Italy — including Calabria, Sardinia, and Sicily — actively offer grants of up to €30,000 to foreigners who relocate permanently to depopulating small towns. Combined with the 7% retiree flat tax, this makes Southern Italy one of the most affordable and tax-efficient places to retire in all of Europe.

Healthcare

Healthcare in Italy

Italy's public healthcare system, the Servizio Sanitario Nazionale (SSN), is consistently ranked among the best in the world. It is available to all legal residents and is largely free or heavily subsidised. Quality is high, though wait times for non-urgent specialist care can vary by region.

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Public Healthcare (SSN)

  • Free or heavily subsidised for all legal residents
  • Register at your local ASL (Azienda Sanitaria Locale) office with your codice fiscale (tax number) and residence permit
  • Covers GP visits, hospital care, maternity, emergency services, and subsidised prescriptions
  • Small co-payments (ticket) apply for some specialist visits — typically €15–€50
  • Dental care is mostly NOT covered — pay privately
  • Quality varies significantly between Northern Italy (excellent) and Southern Italy (more variable)
  • Emergency number: 118 (medical), 112 (general)
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Private Health Insurance

  • Required for most visa applications before arriving in Italy
  • Costs approx. €60–€150/month per person depending on age and coverage
  • Provides faster access to specialists and avoids SSN waiting times
  • Many private hospitals and clinics have English-speaking staff
  • Particularly recommended in Southern Italy where SSN capacity can be more stretched
  • Popular providers: Generali, Allianz, UniSalute, Previmedical
  • Average private insurance cost approx. €1,000/year per person

Tip for new arrivals: Get your codice fiscale (tax code) as your first step — you need it to register with the SSN, open a bank account, sign a rental contract, and almost everything else. Apply at any Agenzia delle Entrate office or Italian consulate before you arrive.

Banking & Finance

Banking in Italy

Opening a bank account in Italy requires your codice fiscale (tax code) and proof of residency. Italian banking is traditional in style but reliable. Many expats use digital banks like Revolut or N26 initially while setting up their Italian account.

What you'll need to open an account

  • Codice fiscale — your Italian tax identification number (get this first)
  • Valid passport or national ID
  • Proof of Italian address (rental contract or utility bill)
  • Residence permit (permesso di soggiorno) for non-EU nationals
  • Some banks may require proof of employment or income
  • Opening deposit varies by bank — typically €25–€100

Popular banks for expats

  • Intesa Sanpaolo — Italy's largest bank, wide branch network
  • UniCredit — major international bank with good English support
  • Banca Mediolanum — popular with expats and remote workers
  • Fineco Bank — excellent online/app banking, low fees
  • N26 / Revolut — ideal while waiting for Italian account to open
  • Wise — recommended for international transfers and multi-currency needs

Tip: Your codice fiscale is the single most important document in Italy — get it before you arrive if possible, through an Italian consulate in your home country. Without it, you cannot rent an apartment, open a bank account, or register with the healthcare system.

Summary

Is Italy right for you?

✅ Reasons to move to Italy

  • 7% flat tax for retirees in Southern Italy — one of Europe's best
  • Impatriati regime: up to 90% income tax exemption for qualifying workers
  • €300,000 HNWI flat tax for ultra-high-net-worth individuals
  • World-class food, wine, art, and culture
  • Beautiful coastline, mountains, lakes, and countryside
  • Excellent public healthcare ranked among the world's best
  • Very affordable in Southern Italy and rural areas
  • Strong expat communities in Rome, Florence, Milan, and coastal areas
  • Pathway to EU residency and citizenship after 5–10 years
  • Extraordinary quality of life and relaxed pace
  • Southern Italy relocation grants of up to €30,000 available

⚠️ Things to consider

  • Italian bureaucracy is notoriously complex and slow
  • Language barrier is significant outside major cities and tourist areas
  • Digital Nomad Visa has relatively high income (€32,400/year) and savings (€30,000) requirements
  • Elective Residency Visa requires high passive income (€31,000+/year) and strictly prohibits working
  • HNWI flat tax raised to €300,000 in January 2026 — less attractive than before
  • Healthcare quality varies significantly between North and South
  • Major cities (Milan, Rome, Florence) are expensive
  • Finding long-term rental accommodation can be challenging
  • Italy's economy and job market can be difficult for non-Italian speakers

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