Romania

Move to Romania

Europe's best-kept secret β€” a flat 10% income tax, world-class internet speeds, medieval castles, and a cost of living that lets your money go twice as far as in Western Europe.

Flat income tax
10%
Cost of living
From €800/mo
EU member since
2007
Schengen member
Since 2025
Visas & Residency

How to move to Romania

EU/EEA citizens can move to Romania freely β€” no visa required, just register with the local authorities if staying more than 3 months. Non-EU nationals need a long-stay Type D visa before arriving, followed by a residence permit. Romania joined Schengen in 2025.

EU / EEA Citizens

Free movement
  • βœ“EU/EEA citizens have the right to live and work in Romania without a visa
  • βœ“Register with the General Inspectorate for Immigration (IGI) if staying more than 3 months
  • βœ“Receive a Registration Certificate, typically valid for up to 5 years
  • βœ“After 5 years of continuous legal residence, eligible for permanent residency
  • βœ“Romania's Schengen membership (since 2025) means your Romanian residence permit allows travel across the Schengen area

Digital Nomad Visa

Remote workers & freelancers
  • βœ“For non-EU nationals working remotely for employers or clients based outside Romania
  • βœ“Minimum income requirement: approximately €4,100/month (3x Romania's national gross average salary)
  • βœ“Apply at a Romanian consulate or embassy in your home country for a Type D long-stay visa
  • βœ“Residence permit valid for 1 year, renewable
  • βœ“Tax residency applies if you spend more than 183 days per year in Romania β€” 10% flat tax on worldwide income
  • βœ“Family members can be included under family reunification provisions

Long-Stay Type D Visa (Passive Income / Retirees)

Retirees & passive income
  • βœ“For non-EU nationals with sufficient passive income β€” pensions, rental income, dividends, or savings
  • βœ“Must demonstrate adequate financial means to support yourself without working in Romania
  • βœ“Initial visa valid for 90 days; apply for residence permit at IGI upon arrival
  • βœ“Residence permit typically issued for 1 year, renewable annually
  • βœ“After 5 years of continuous legal residence, eligible for permanent residency

Employment Visa

Employees
  • βœ“For non-EU nationals relocating to work for a Romanian employer
  • βœ“Employer must obtain a work permit on your behalf before you apply for the visa
  • βœ“Residence permit issued for the duration of the employment contract, up to 1 year initially
  • βœ“Romania's growing tech sector in Bucharest and Cluj-Napoca is increasingly attracting international talent

Investor & Business Visa

Entrepreneurs & investors
  • βœ“For non-EU nationals establishing or investing in a Romanian business
  • βœ“Romania's micro-enterprise tax regime (1% corporate tax on turnover up to certain thresholds) is highly attractive for entrepreneurs
  • βœ“Pathway to permanent residency after 5 years
  • βœ“Romania's EU membership and Schengen access make it a strategic base for business across Europe

Important: Romanian immigration procedures can be slow and documentation-heavy. Always start the visa process well in advance and consult a qualified Romanian immigration lawyer for your specific situation. Verify all current requirements with the General Inspectorate for Immigration (igi.mai.gov.ro/en/).

Taxes

Understanding tax in Romania

Romania has one of the most attractive tax systems in the EU β€” a flat 10% personal income tax rate, tied with Bulgaria as the lowest in the bloc. For entrepreneurs, the micro-enterprise regime offers corporate tax as low as 1% on turnover.

10% Flat Tax β€” Tied for Lowest in the EU

Romania's flat 10% income tax means a €100,000 earner pays the same rate as someone earning €20,000. No brackets, no complexity.

Personal income tax
10% flat β€” on all income
Corporate tax (standard)
16%
Micro-enterprise tax
1% on turnover (qualifying businesses)
Dividend tax
16% (increased from 10% in 2026)
Capital gains tax
16% (increased from 10% in 2026)
VAT (standard)
19%

Tax advice disclaimer: Romania's 2026 tax reform increased dividend and capital gains tax from 10% to 16%. Tax laws change frequently β€” always consult a qualified Romanian tax adviser before making decisions.

Cost of Living

What does life in Romania cost?

Romania offers exceptional value for expats earning Western salaries. A comfortable lifestyle in Bucharest costs around €1,000–€1,500/month, while smaller cities like Cluj-Napoca, TimiΘ™oara, and IaΘ™i are even more affordable.

Most expensive

Bucharest

  • β€’1-bed apartment (centre): €450–€700/mo
  • β€’Single person budget: €1,000–€1,500/mo
  • β€’Best for careers, nightlife & city life
Mid-range

Cluj-Napoca & TimiΘ™oara

  • β€’1-bed apartment (centre): €350–€550/mo
  • β€’Single person budget: €800–€1,200/mo
  • β€’Vibrant tech & student scenes
Most affordable

IaΘ™i, BraΘ™ov & smaller cities

  • β€’1-bed apartment: €250–€400/mo
  • β€’Single person budget: €600–€900/mo
  • β€’Beautiful scenery, lower costs

Typical monthly expenses in Bucharest

Rent (1-bed, city centre)€450 – €700
Utilities (electricity, heating, water)€80 – €150
Internet (fibre, 1Gbps)€10 – €15
Groceries€200 – €350
Dining out (mid-range)€100 – €200
Public transport pass€10 – €20
Private health insurance€30 – €100
Gym membership€20 – €40
Mobile plan€5 – €15
Healthcare

Healthcare in Romania

Romania has a public healthcare system funded through mandatory CASS contributions (10% of salary). Most expats opt for private health insurance for better access, English-speaking doctors, and shorter waiting times.

πŸ₯

Public Healthcare

  • βœ“Available to all legal residents who contribute to the national health system (CASS)
  • βœ“Free at point of use for registered contributors
  • βœ“Quality varies significantly β€” Bucharest and Cluj-Napoca have the best facilities
  • βœ“Long waiting times for specialist appointments are common
  • βœ“Emergency care is available to all β€” dial 112
  • βœ“EU citizens can use their EHIC for emergency treatment
  • βœ“Dental care is mostly private
πŸ’Š

Private Health Insurance

  • βœ“Very affordable β€” typically €30–€100/month per person
  • βœ“Provides faster access, English-speaking doctors, and better facilities
  • βœ“Required for Digital Nomad Visa and most long-stay visa applications
  • βœ“A private GP visit costs approximately €20–€50 without insurance
  • βœ“Popular international providers: Allianz, Bupa, Cigna, AXA
  • βœ“Most expats and digital nomads use private insurance exclusively

Tip: Private healthcare in Romania is genuinely affordable. Many expats skip insurance entirely for routine care and pay out of pocket β€” a GP visit for €20–€50 and a specialist for €30–€80 makes this a realistic option.

Banking & Finance

Banking in Romania

Romania uses the Romanian Leu (RON) β€” it has not adopted the Euro, though Euro adoption is planned for the future. Banking is straightforward for residents, with several major international banks operating alongside local institutions.

What you'll need to open an account

  • βœ“Valid passport or national ID
  • βœ“Proof of Romanian address (rental contract or utility bill)
  • βœ“Residence permit or registration certificate
  • βœ“Romanian tax identification number (CIF/CNP) β€” obtain from ANAF
  • βœ“Opening deposit typically €50–€200

Banks operating in Romania

  • βœ“Banca Transilvania β€” largest Romanian bank, wide branch network
  • βœ“BCR (Erste Group) β€” popular with expats, strong digital banking
  • βœ“BRD (SociΓ©tΓ© GΓ©nΓ©rale) β€” reliable retail banking
  • βœ“ING Romania β€” excellent app and English-language service
  • βœ“Raiffeisen Bank β€” strong international support
  • βœ“Revolut / Wise β€” widely used by expats and digital nomads for day-to-day spending

Tip: Get a Revolut or Wise account before you move β€” it lets you spend in RON immediately at the real exchange rate while you set up your Romanian bank account. ING Romania is particularly popular with expats for its English-language app.

Summary

Is Romania right for you?

βœ… Reasons to move to Romania

  • β€’Flat 10% income tax β€” tied for the lowest in the EU with Bulgaria
  • β€’Micro-enterprise corporate tax as low as 1% on turnover
  • β€’World-class internet speeds (200+ Mbps) for under €15/month
  • β€’Extremely affordable cost of living β€” comfortable life from €800/mo
  • β€’EU member since 2007 β€” full freedom of movement and rights
  • β€’Schengen member since 2025 β€” visa-free travel across Europe
  • β€’Growing tech and startup scene β€” Bucharest and Cluj-Napoca are major hubs
  • β€’Beautiful medieval cities, castles, mountains, and Black Sea coast
  • β€’Very affordable private healthcare (€30–€100/month)
  • β€’English widely spoken among younger generations and in major cities
  • β€’Digital Nomad Visa available for qualifying remote workers

⚠️ Things to consider

  • β€’High social contributions (35% of gross salary) reduce take-home pay
  • β€’Dividend and capital gains tax increased from 10% to 16% in 2026
  • β€’Bureaucracy is slow and complex β€” immigration paperwork can be challenging
  • β€’Romanian language is essential for full integration
  • β€’Public healthcare quality is variable β€” private insurance strongly recommended
  • β€’Infrastructure outside major cities can be poor β€” road quality is mixed
  • β€’Romania still uses the Leu (RON) β€” not yet on the Euro
  • β€’Corruption remains a concern in some areas of public life
  • β€’Winters in Bucharest can be cold β€” temperatures regularly below freezing

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